Note: The long-standing conflict between the Ahom Kingdom and the Mughal Empire reached a critical turning point in the mid-seventeenth century, when Mir Jumla led a massive imperial invasion into the Brahmaputra Valley. This campaign culminated in the Treaty of Ghilajharighat (January 1663 AD), a settlement that compelled the Ahoms to accept severe and humiliating terms, including substantial territorial losses and the payment of a large war indemnity.

In the aftermath of this treaty, the Ahom court entered a period of intensified cultural exchange and administrative adaptation as it adjusted to its proximity to Mughal-controlled Bengal. Queen Phulesvari, consort of Shiva Simha, a devoted Shaivite who later adopted the name Pramathesvari, emerged as a principal conduit for Mughal influence. In 1727 AD, her court initiated the production of a limited number of coins struck on square and round flans, bearing Persian legends closely derived from Mughal prototypes. These remarkable issues, first minted at Rangpur, introduced the concept of a named mint into Ahom numismatics - a feature entirely absent from regular Assamese coinage. Often compared to the Mughal Empress Nur Jahan for her political acumen and stylistic innovation, Queen Phulesvari established a lasting precedent of Persianate expression, signaling Ahom sovereignty to the wider imperial world.

Rajesvara Simha, son of Rudra Simha, ascended the throne in 1751 AD following the death of Pramatta Simha. At the outset of his reign, he adhered to established numismatic conventions, striking coins during his installation ceremony bearing the name Phā Lengdon and traditional Ahom legends. However, as his reign progressed and the kingdom entered a phase of expanded prosperity by 1769 AD, Rajesvara Simha revealed himself to be a visionary and experimental monarch. He introduced a series of highly unusual and innovative coin types distinguished by one-off features, including legends rendered in Deva Nāgarī, Arabic, and Persian, and the use of square flans in place of the customary octagonal format.

Rajesvara Simha recognized that the growing multiculturalism of his court and the economic strength of his realm demanded a language of power intelligible beyond regional boundaries. By adopting Persian scripts and imperial titles, he deliberately positioned the Ahom Swargadeo as a cosmopolitan ruler, equal in stature to the great monarchs of the Indian subcontinent. This move toward multilingual coinage enabled him to project diplomatic authority and ensured the acceptance of Ahom currency within the broader commercial networks of the Mughal world.

This exceptional gold mohur of Rajesvara Simha stands as a singular and sophisticated testament to this visionary policy. It represents a decisive departure from traditional Ahom numismatics, reflecting a truly globalized political outlook.

The obverse bears a Persian couplet reading: in sikkah zad chu ḥaqq ze mihr o māh, Śrī Rājeśvara Siṃha Sulṭān ʿĀlam-panāh, translated as: "This coin was struck truly, like the sun and the moon; Śrī Rājeśvara Siṃha, Sultan, refuge of the world."

The reverse confirms its origin with the inscription: Sanah 1674, maimanat-manūs julūs, żarb Rangpur, translated as: "Struck at Rangpur, in the auspicious year 1674."

This coin is the sole known specimen in the world, rendering it uniquely important and irreplaceable. It has the provenance of the renowned collection of Shri Late I. K. Kejriwal and has never before been offered publicly or privately anywhere in the world.

A coin of exceptional numismatic significance, rarity, and historical importance!

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