Note: Shams ud-Din Adil Shah, the longest-reigning ruler of the short-lived Madura Sultanate, is famous for having issued only two types of gold coinage—both of exceptional rarity in Indian numismatics. His earliest gold, struck in AH 748, is regarded as a probable accession commemorative and is unusually heavy at 13.7 grams, the heaviest known of the series. A decade later, this second gold issue was struck to the standard tanka weight, likely to mark the tenth year of his reign.

The coin bears no mint name but features the distinctive epithets al-Halim al-Karim (“the gentle, the generous”), highlighting the Sultan’s cultivated image. Only a handful of specimens are known today, preserved in both museums and private collections.

This example is sharply struck, with clear and well-centered legends, and only minor test marks typical of the period.

A highly elusive and important issue, never offered in public auction.

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