Note: This exceptional square mohur of Patna stands as the finest known specimen among the very limited examples recorded. Distinguished by its remarkably complete border and outstanding eye appeal on both obverse and reverse, it represents a pinnacle of numismatic rarity and artistry from the Mughal period.

Struck during a transformative moment in Indian history, this coin is closely tied to Emperor Akbar’s decisive campaign in eastern India. In AH 982 (1574 CE), Akbar personally led the Mughal forces against Daud Shah Karrani, the last sovereign of the Karrani dynasty in Bengal. The preceding year, Mughal general Munim Khan had advanced into Bihar, forcing Daud to withdraw and fortify Patna. Daud’s commanders—Katlu Lohani, Gujar Khan Karrani, and Sri Hari—mounted a resistance, but were ultimately overcome. The turning point came with Akbar’s strategic recapture of the fort at Hajipur, severing Daud's supply lines and securing a decisive Mughal triumph.

Following the victory, Daud retreated to Bengal, and Akbar appointed Munim Khan as governor of Bihar and Bengal, with the eminent Todar Mal as his deputy. This military and administrative success firmly established Mughal authority in the region—and this rare coin stands as a tangible testament to that pivotal consolidation of imperial power.

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