Note: Multan, a long-standing strategic province of the Mughal Empire, came under Mughal control in 1528 during Babur’s reign and remained a key subah under subsequent emperors. Mirza Mu‘izz-ud-Din Beig Muhammad Khan, (later Jahandar Shah) was appointed Subadar of Multan and Tatta by his grandfather Aurangzeb and continued to serve as Subadar under Shah Alam Bahadur. Following a brutal war of succession with his brothers, primarily Azim-us-Shan, Mirza Mu‘izz-ud-Din Beig Muhammad Khan, ascended the throne as Jahandar Shah on 21 Safar AH 1124 (29 March 1712). His reign was short and turbulent, dominated by his wazir Zulfiqar Khan and challenged by the rebellion of Farrukhsiyar. His reign lasted for 11 months only.

With the rapid decline of central Mughal authority, Multan experienced political decay, making coinage from this mint under Jahandar Shah extremely rare. While full rupees from Multan under Jahandar Shah are known, this unique ½ rupee denomination is unlisted and unpublished.

This half rupee is one of only two known specimens, the other in a private collection, and is being offered for the first time in any public auction.

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