Primitive Money (c. 100 BC), Satavahana Period, Gold Earring (Karn-Kundan), Rawali Kala, Granulation Work, 22.7g, 26.99x20.50mm, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.

Note: This remarkable gold ornament from the Satavahana period is a Quintessential Example of early Indian goldsmithing, crafted in the intricate Rawali Kala tradition using delicate granulation and twisted wirework. Shaped in a coiled form, it is richly adorned with gold beads and embossed detailing. To balance the weight, the ornament is partially filled with lead - approximately 50% in proportion to the gold.

Its size and heft suggest that it would have stretched the earlobes and rested on the shoulders, similar to those worn by royal or divine figures in ancient times. Such ornaments are vividly depicted in early Indian sculptures, including the renowned 1st-century BCE Chakravartin relief from Jagayyapeta, offering rare, tangible evidence of the jewelry styles seen in ancient art.

A design resembling the Brahmi letter “Om”(ॐ)/Nandipada (Buddhist triratna) symbol further hints at a spiritual association with Mahakaal of Ujjain. It is also likely that this piece functioned as a medium of barter, reflecting both cultural and economic value.

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