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Mirza (Prince) Muhammad Akbar II&nbsp;(1st Reign AH 1203/1788 AD), Saharanpur Dar us Sarur Mint, Silver Rupee,&nbsp;AH 1203/Ahad RY, "Hami-e-din"&nbsp;Couplet, Obv:&nbsp;Persian legend “sikka zad dar jahan ba fazle elah, hami e dine Muhammad Akbar Shah” (Struck coin in the world by the divine power, The defender of the faith, Muhammad Akbar Shah), Rev:&nbsp;Persian legend “sana ahad julus”, “zarb Saharanpur”&nbsp;with epithet “Dar us Sarur”&nbsp;at the top with mintmark, 11.19g, 22.57mm,&nbsp;(KM # 760/Ref ONS Article # 175, by Shailendra Bhandare),&nbsp;no test marks, sharp mint luster, choice quality, AU-UNC, Extremely Rare.<o:p></o:p>

Note: Mirza (Prince) Muhammad Akbar, later known as the Mughal emperor Akbar Shah II (1806–1837), was first proclaimed emperor on 4 Safar AH 1203 (15 October 1788) during the occupation of Delhi by the Rohilla chief Ghulam Qadir. This brief first reign lasted only two days, ending on 6 Safar AH 1203 (17 October 1788), and belongs to one of the most turbulent episodes of late Mughal history. Whilst the Mughal throne had once commanded an empire stretching across much of the Indian subcontinent, by the closing decades of the eighteenth-century princes of the Timurid house had increasingly become instruments in the struggle between competing military and political factions.<o:p></o:p>Despite enduring for scarcely forty-eight hours, the first reign of Muhammad Akbar fulfilled the two principal requirements of sovereignty in the Islamic world: the Khutba (Friday sermon and formal recognition of sovereignty) was read in his name and the Sikka was struck. The present coin provides important evidence of the continued significance of these institutions during the final decades of the Mughal Empire. That coinage was produced not only at Shahjahanabad but also at distant provincial mints such as Hardwar demonstrates the speed with which imperial authority could still be proclaimed and recognised through the medium of coinage.<o:p></o:p>Coins in the name of Muhammad Akbar are known from Shahjahanabad, Ahmedabad, Hardwar and Saharanpur. The present specimen belongs to the rare Saharanpur issue, a mint that occupies an important place in the monetary history of northern India during the late Mughal period. Equally remarkable is the fact that coinage in the name of Muhammad Akbar was struck at Saharanpur during a reign that lasted barely forty-eight hours. Situated away from the imperial capital, the mint nevertheless responded to the brief change in sovereignty, providing striking evidence for the continued importance of the Khutba and Sikka as instruments through which imperial authority was proclaimed and recognised during the final decades of the Mughal Empire.<o:p></o:p><span style="line-height:115%;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;">Coins of Muhammad Akbar from Saharanpur are Extremely Rare, reflecting both the brevity of his reign and the turbulent political circumstances under which they were issued. They offer a unique glimpse into one of the most chaotic episodes of late Mughal history, when the emperor possessed little real authority and power was increasingly exercised by military strongmen such as Ghulam Qadir, against the backdrop of the growing influence of the East India Company. Exceptionally rare and of considerable historical importance, the present issue would form a significant addition to any advanced collection of later Mughal coinage.<o:p></o:p><o:p></o:p>

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