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Humayun&nbsp;(1st Reign AH 937-947 /1530-1540 AD), Mandu Mint, Silver Shahrukhi, AH (9)42, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a circular &amp; the four Caliphs' names at the margin, Rev: Arabic legend “sayyid-us-salateen Muhammad Humayun Badshah Ghazi” within an octofoil, &amp; “sultan-ul-azam al-Khaqan al-mukarram, khuld Allahu ta’ ala mulkahu wa sultanahu” at the margin &amp; "zarb Mandu"&nbsp;with (9)42 Hijri at the bottom, 4.61g,21.45mm,&nbsp;test mark,&nbsp;centrally struck in high relief, about extremely fine, Exceptionally Rare.<o:p></o:p>

Note: This silver Shahrukhi is an important numismatic evidence whose extreme rarity and hurried crude execution have resulted in repeated misidentifications in earlier attributions. Owing to the compressed and uneven calligraphy, the mint name has variously been read as “Assam,” “Hasham,” or “Hisar”. Such readings stem from a misinterpretation of abbreviated letterforms and from mistaking the terminal honorific AʿālI Shānahu-part of the standard Khallada Allāh formula-for a geographical indicator rather than an epigraphic convention. &nbsp;An attribution to Assam is historically untenable. In 942 AH, Humayun’s military and administrative presence was confined to western India, following the capture of Champaner and the occupation of the Malwa plateau. He did not advance into eastern India until 945 AH (1538 CE), and there is no evidence for Mughal authority or minting activity in Assam at this period. &nbsp;The most probable and historically consistent attribution for this specimen is Mandu (Mandav), the capital of Malwa. As noted by Dr. Shailendra Bhandare, the physical evidence on the flan supports this reading. Although the nūn (ن) is not explicitly rendered-a common feature of crude engraved issues-the presence of a clearly formed wāw (و) beneath the date numerals aligns with the spelling مندو (Mandu). This reflects the contemporary pronunciation Mandav (मंदव), which is documented on Humayun’s copper coinage from the region. Offered here for the first time in an auction with a corrected and historically accurate attribution to “Mandu” Mint based on rigorous numismatic research.

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