Note:&nbsp;A pair of gold disk-shaped beads similar to those found in the Muzaffarnagar district of Uttar Pradesh in the Mandi hoard. With serrated edges, they are delicately manufactured. It is widely believed that they date back to the Harappan period around 2000 BC, making them one of the oldest precious metal jewelry components found in India. It is likely that they served both as a means of exchange as well as a means for storing value.

Extremely Rare Harappan Primitive Money Gold Disks of Indus Valley Civilization.

Very Rare Harappan Primitive Money Ancient Carnelian Beads with White Enamel Etching.

Very Rare Harappan Primitive Money Ancient Carnelian Beads.

Note: These ancient beads have been carefully restrung into a newly crafted necklace or bracelet to enhance both visual appeal and long-term preservation. Despite the natural irregularities in bead size and form, the arrangement achieves a remarkably balanced and harmonious composition.<o:p></o:p>The piece is composed of&nbsp;ancient quartz and carnelian beads dating to the 2nd–3rd &nbsp;Century AD, produced using a sophisticated technique in which artisans applied a special&nbsp;alkaline paste&nbsp;and fired the beads multiple times to obtain rich colours, layered tones, and subtle surface textures. The characteristic&nbsp;white enamel-etched decoration&nbsp;on the carnelian remains clearly visible.<o:p></o:p>The beads originate from&nbsp;Dangwada, Madhya Pradesh, a significant early trade centre on routes linking Central India with China, noted by the Buddhist monk&nbsp;Fa-Hien&nbsp;during the reign of&nbsp;Chandragupta II&nbsp;(Gupta dynasty, early 5th century AD). A fine example of early Indian craftsmanship and mercantile sophistication.<o:p></o:p>

Extremely Rare Ancient Etched Quartz and Carnelian Beads Necklace/Bracelet Primitive Money.

Primitive Bead Money Necklace Possibly from Rigvedic period.

Very Rare Gold Conch Shell (Shankha) shaped Pendant Primitive Money from Rigvedic Period.

Very Rare Gold Katar shaped Pendant Primitive Money from Possibly Rigvedic Period.

Very Rare Gold Pin with deity Primitive Money of  Possibly Rigvedic Period.

Gold Mukut shaped like a snake for Shivalinga Primitive Money of Possibly Satavahana period.

Very Rare Gold Tortoise Primitive Money of  Possibly Gupta Period.

Marudhar Arts

Total Records # 296

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