Madurai Nayaks, Managamma, Copper Kasu, Srivira Script, Obv: two deities seated, Rev: legend, &nbsp;3.5g, 14.16mm, about fine.

Copper Kasu of Madurai Nayaks of Mangammma of Srivira Script.

Copper Kasu Coin of of Managamma of Madurai Nayakas.

Copper Kasu of Madurai Nayaks of Mangamma of Srivira Script.

Aurangzeb Alamgir, Surat Mint, Silver Rupee,&nbsp;AH 1094/26 RY,&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;Badr Munir&quot; Couplet, Obv: sikka zad dar jahan chu badre munir Shah Aurangzeb Alamgir, Rev: sana 26 julus, zarb Surat Completely visible at the bottom, 11.00g, &nbsp;25.70mm,&nbsp;(KM # 300.86), about very fine.

Silver One Rupee Coin of Aurangzeb Alamgir of Surat Mint.

City State of&nbsp;Suktimati (100 BC),&nbsp;Copper Unit,&nbsp;Obv:&nbsp;Horse walking to right, Brahmi legend above, with various symbols, flower symbols in square box in front,&nbsp;Rev:&nbsp;Elephant walking to right with&nbsp;upraised&nbsp;trunk, tree in railing &amp; Ujjaini symbol, 2.37g, 22.78mm. about fine, Very&nbsp;Rare.

Very Rare Copper Coin of City State of Shuktimati.

Roman Empire, Septimius Severus (193-211 AD), Silver Denarius, Obv: laureate head right, legend around &quot;L SEPT SEV PERT AVG IMP IIII&quot;, Rev: Minerva standing left with spear and round shield, legend around &quot;PM TR P III COS P P&quot;, 2.96g, 18.38mm, (RIC # 53), about very fine, Rare.

Silver Denarius Coin of Septimius Severus of Roman Empire.

Ancient Indian Coinage, By Rekha Jain.

Leather Bound, 247 Pages.

Money is unmistakably a landmark invention considering its indispensable role in economics and, more specially, in the commercial sphere of mans existence anywhere in the world. However, we have yet to have final answers to some of the fundamental questions: when, where, and how was money shaped as coins or as pieces of stamped metal first introduced to human civilization? Its genesis in India is traced back to the sixth century bc: during the second urban revolution, when coins came to be manufactured here independently and indigenously. Analysing in depth an astonishing mass of numismatic and kindred data, published in different catalogues, archaeological reports, journals and elsewhere, this book investigates the evolution of ancient Indias money economy: in terms of its coinage, through six successive periods: janapada, Maurya, post-Maurya, Gupta, post-Gupta, and pre-medieval which, in their togetherness, span nearly two millennia. Covering the entire subcontinental sprawl, Dr. Jain considers the whole variety of coins: local, universal standard, and even foreign, with meticulous descriptions of coin types, symbols, legends, fabric and metrology. In her thematic effort to reconstruct the history of ancient Indian coinage (and, thus, money economy), from its first beginnings in high antiquity to about the twelth century ad, the author has drawn on wide-ranging primary and secondary sources. And has also tried to establish linkages between different ancient coins and their references/descriptions in Vedic/Buddhist/Jaina texts, Paninis Ashtadhyayi, Kautilyas Arthashastra, epical literature, Dharmashastras, foreigners travelogues, old-world mathematical treatises, and numerous contemporary inscriptions, among others writings.

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